Chapter Entitled "Pelham" From A History
Of The County Of Westchester From Its First
Settlement To The Present Time (PP. 513-59)
by Robert Bolton, Jr. (NY: Alexander Gould 1848)

*513

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    513

[Engraving of Christ's Church, Pelham.]          PELHAM.
Christ's Church, Pelham.

     This town is enclosed on the east and north by the township of New Rochelle, on the west by Hutchinson's river, which separates its from Eastchester, and on the south by the Sound. a 

     Prior to the Revolution, Pelham formed a portion of the old manor of that name, which originally embraced nine thousand one hundred and sixty-six acres.  The name itself is of Saxon origin, and compounded of the two words Pel (remote) and Ham (mansion.) b   The former, being the ancient surname of the manorial proprietors, affords us a very good reason for its adoption in connection with the last. 

     The Indian appellation of these lands has not been preserved.  Its early inhabitants appear to have been a tribe of the Mohegans called Siwanoys, whose possessions extended, it is well known, from Norwalk to the neighborhood of Hellgate.  From the Indians, this tract of land (with others adjacent) passed to the Dutch West India Company, A.D. 1640.  In the year 1642, Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, to avoid the bitter persecutions of the Puritans, fled here for protection, and commenced a plantation.  Neal, the Puritan historian, asserts that "Mrs. Hutchinson being turned

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  a  Pelham is situated ten miles south of the village of White Plains and distant 140 miles from Albany.--Disturnell's Gazetteer. 

  b  Pelham is the name of a lordship in Herefordshire, England, and recorded to have been part of the possession of Walter de Pelham, A.D. 1293.

     VOL. I.                    65

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514                    HISTORY OF THE

out into the wide world, went first with her disciples to Rhode Island, but not liking to stay there she removed with her family into one of the Dutch plantations called Hebgate, where within a little while, the Indians murdered her and her whole family, to the number of sixteen persons. a  Chandler in his criminal trials, says, "the whole family of the Hutchinsons removed beyond New Haven to Eastchester in the territory of the Dutch." b  O'Callaghan observes, that "the greatest terror prevailed everywhere," (arising from the Indian war then raging,)  Pavonia, Achter Col, the greater part of Manhattan, and most of Long Island were in the hands of the Indians, now consisting of seven different tribes, amounting, it was estimated, to fifteen hundred warriors.  While the work of destruction was going on in the above quarters other parties of savages crossed over to the main, and cleared all before them as far as Stamford.  Thither the celebrated Mrs. Anne Hutchinson had retired from her persecutors in Massachusetts, but the Indians had discovered her retreat.  They appeared at first friendly, as was their wont when making their visits, but on discovering the defenceless condition of the inmates they killed her and her son-in-law, Mr. Collins, with her son Francis, and all the other members of her family, besides a number of other persons in the neighborhood belonging to the families of Mr. Throgmorton and Mr. Cornhill.  Eighteen persons in all fell victims here to these barbarians, who putting the cattle into barns, burnt the whole." c  To the above account Mr. Drake adds, "a greater slaughter would have been made at this time and place, but for the arrival of a boat while the tragedy was enacting, into which several persons, women and children,

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  a  Neal's Hist. of New England, vol. i. 178.

  b  Chandler's Criminal Trials, vol. i. 27.

  c  O'Callaghan's Hist. N.N. 287.  Wild's Rise, Regin, and Ruin of the Antinomians contains this pious exultation at the destruction of Mrs. Hutchinson:  "The Indians set upon them and slew her and all her children, save one that escaped, (her own husband being dead before,) a dreadful blow!  Some write that the Indians did burn her to death with fire, her house and all the rest that belonged unto her, but I am not able to affirm by what kind of death they slew her.......God's hand is more apparently seen herein to pick out this woful woman, to make her and those belonging to her, an unheard of heavy example of their cruelty to others."

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    515

escaped, but two of the boat's crew were killed in their humane exertions to save these distressed people.  The daughter of Mrs. Hutchinson remained a prisoner four years, when she was delivered to the Dutch governor at New York, who restored her to her friends.  She had forgotten her native language, and was unwilling to be taken from the Indians." a  The residence of Anne Hutchinson appears to have been situated on Pelham neck, formerly called Ann's hoeck, literally, Ann's point or neck, hoeck being a Dutch name for a neck or point, for, up to a very late period, her farm was distinguished as the Manor of Anne hooks neck.  A small stream that separates this town from Eastchester on the west still retains her surname Hutchinson's river.  One of the principal Indian proprietors of this territory also assumed her christian surname, as we find it recorded in the early deeds, Ann-hoock alias Wampage.  This individual may have taken an active part in the destruction of Mrs. Hutchinson, for nothing was more common among the Indians than for a warrior to assume the name of his victim. b

     Upon the 14th of November, 1654, Thomas Pell of Fairfield, in Connecticut, obtained a grant from the ancient Indian proprietors, embracing all that territory bounded on the east by a stream called Stoney brook or river, and so running northward as the said brook or river runs, eight English miles into the woods, thence west to Broncks's river, then down the stream of Broncks's river to a certain bend in the said river, thence by marked trees south until it reaches the tide waters of the Sound which lyeth between Long Island and the main land, together with all the island in the sound, &c., &e.  This grant was signed by the sachem Ann-hoock and five other Indians.  A. Dyckman occurs as

[Facsimile of Ann-Hoock's Mark from Treaty]
An hoock
AH
his mark

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  a  Drake's Book of the Indians, 69.

  b  There is also a rock upon the south side of the neck bearing the same name, which is said to have been a favorite fishing place of the above chief. 

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516                    HISTORY OF THE

witness.  It was subsequently confirmed in council. a  Thomas Pell stated before a court of assize, held in 1665, that he had obtained a license to make the purchase, from the authorities of Connecticut, and that he had paid large sums of money for the same. b  In 1654 it was resolved, at a meeting of the director general and council of the New Netherlands, "that whereas a few English are beginning a settlement at a great distance from our outposts on lands long before bought and paid for, near Vreedlan, to send there, interdict, and the attorney general, Cornelius van Tienhoven, and forbid them to proceed no farther, but to abandon that spot.  Done at Fort Amstel on the 5th of November, 1654 in New Netherlands," c  "On lands purchased from the Indians by the Hon. Thomas Pell of Fairfield, Connecticut."  Notwithstanding this and further protestations made by the Dutch authorities, Thomas Pell continued the settlement of his lands until the surrender of the Dutch in 1664.  The two principal Sachems of Pelham, Ann-hoock (Wampage) and Himham or Nimham, d  lived to advanced ages.  In 1675 the Indians must have been residing on the neck in considerable numbers, for at a general court of assize held the same year, it was resolved, "that the Indyans at Mr. Pell's or Anne Hook's neck, be ordered to remove to their usual winter quarters, within Hellgate, upon this island; and further that all canoes belonging to Christians or Indyans on the north side of Long Island to the east of Hellgate shall be (within three days from the publication of this order,) brought to the next townes and delivered to the constables to be secured near the block-house.  Any canoes found upon the sound after that time to be destroyed."  This order is said to have been made to prevent the Indians of Long Island joining King Philip against New England. e

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  a  This grant was seen some years since by Mr. John Soulice of New Rochelle, To his kindness we are indebted for the above particulars.  The original is supposed to be in the possession of the Pell family.

  b  Assize Rec. Albany, 1665 to 1672.

  c  Alb. Rec. vol. ix. 275. 

  d  Nimham, sachem of Miereckacky, occurs in 1669. 

  e  Dunlap's Hist. of N.Y. vol. ii. appendix, cxxiii.

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    517

     Near the entrance of Pelham neck, is situated the favorite burying ground of the river tribes, to which the Indians brought their dead even from Horseneck, Connecticut, for interment.  Numerous mounds are still visible near the water's edge, on the property of the late George Rapelje.  Two of the largest mounds are pointed out as the sepulchres of the Siwanoys sachems, Ann-hoock and Nimham.  The former was opened some years since, and found to contain a large sized skeleton, by the side of which, lay the stone axe and flint spear head of the tenant of the grave.  We have examined several mounds near the water's edge; one of these held the remains of an Indian boy about 12 years old, in a sitting position, together with a beautiful specimen of native pottery formed by the hand alone, rudely ornamented with zigzag lines; in this we discovered an arrow head and the bones of a small animal.  This practice of burying their favorite utensils and weapons with the deceased, is known to be an ancient Indian custom.  Near the residence of Mrs. King, the remains of an Indian were found in a perfect state of preservation with a gun by his side.  On the extreme point of this beautiful neck which commands the magnificent scenery of Hutchinson's Bay, lies another Indian cemetery.  The shores of the "Great Bay of the Island of shells," shaded with their ancient forests of nut and oak, interspersed with grassy glades must have afforded favorite sites for the Indian villages.  On the property of Mr. Roosevelt north of the post road, great quantities of Indian arrow heads have been discovered in one particular spot, leading to the supposition, that an extensive manufactory of that article once existed here.  Fine specimens of Indian hatchets, and javelins of chart, quartz and horn stone, are constantly found in the neighborhood of these shores.

     Upon the sixth day of October, 1666, a large proportion of the Indian grant of 1654, was confirmed to Thomas Pell, Esq., by his excellency Richard Nicolls in the following manner.

RICHARD NICOLLS ESQ., GOVERNOR

     Under his Royall Highness the Duke of York, of all his territories in America.  To all to whom these presents shall come,

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sendeth greeting.  Whereas, there is a certain tract of land within this government upon the main, situate, lying and being to the eastward of Westchester bounds, bounded to the westward with the river called by the Indians, Aqueouncke, commonly known by the English, by the name of Hutchinson's river, which runneth into the bay lying between Throckmorton's neck and Ann Hooks neck, commonly called Hutchinson's bay, bounded on the east, by a brook called Cedar Tree Brook or Gravelly brook, on the south by the sound which lyeth between Long Island and the main land, with all the islands in the sound, not already granted or otherwise disposed of, lying before that tract of land so bounded as is before expressed, and northwards, to run into the woods about eight English miles in breadth as the bounds to the sound, which said tract of land hath heretofore been purchased of the Indian proprietors, and due satisfaction given for the same.  Now know ye, that by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given, by his Royal Highness, James Duke of York, &c., upon whom by lawful grant and pattent from his majesty, the proprietary and government of that part of the main land, as well as of Long Island, as all the islands adjacent, among other things is settled, I have thought proper to give, grant, confirm and ratify unto Thomas Pell of Onckway, alias Fairfield, his majesty's colony of Connecticut, gentleman, his heirs and assigns, all the said tract of land bounded as aforesaid, together with all the lands, islands, sea-bays, woods, meadows, pastures, marshes, lakes, waters, creeks, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, and all other profits, commodities, emoluments and hereditaments, to the said tract of land and islands belonging, with their appurtenances, and of every part and parcel thereof; and that the said tract of land and premises, shall be for ever hereafter held, demand, reputed, taken and be an enfranchised township, manor and place itself, and shall always from time to time, and at all times hereafter, have, hold and enjoy, like and equal privileges and immunities, with any town, enfranchised place or manor, within this government, and shall in no manner of way be subordinate or belonging unto, have any dependency upon, or in any wise be under the rules, orders

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    519

or directions of any riding, township or townships, place or jurisdiction, either upon the main or upon Long Island, but shall in all cases, things and matters, be deemed, reputed, taken and held, as an absolute, entire, enfranchised township, manor and place of itself in this government, and shall be ruled, ordered and directed, in all matters as to government accordingly, by the governor and his council, and the general courts of assizes only, always provided, that the inhabitants on the said tract of land granted as aforesaid, shall be obliged to send forwards to the next towns, all public packets and letters, or Hue and Cries, coming to this place or going from it, to any other of his majesties colonies, to have and to hold the said tract of land and grant, with all and singular the appurtenances, premises, together with the privileges, immunities, franchises, and advantages herein given and granted, unto the said Thomas Pell, his heirs and assigns, to the proper use and behoof of the said Thomas Pell, forever, firmly, freely and clearly, in so large and ample manner and form and with such full and absolute immunities and privileges as before is expressed, as if he had held the same immediately from his majesty the King of England, &c., &c., &c., &c., &e., his successors, as of the manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in free and common socage and by fealty only, yielding, rendering and paying, yearly and every year, unto his royal highness, the duty forever, and his heirs, or to such governor as shall from time to time, be by him constituted and appointed, as an acknowledgement, one lamb upon the first day of May, if the same shall be demanded.  Given under my hand and seal at Fort James, in New York, on the island of Manhattan, the sixth day of October, in the 18th year of the reign of our sovereign, Lord Charles the second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the faith, &c., &c., &e., and in the year of our Lord God, 1666.
                                                                  RICHARD NICOLLS.

     Entered and recorded in the office of New York, the 8th day of October, 1666.
                                                                  MATTHIAS NICOLLS, SECT'Y

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     The Pells who were formerly lords of the manor, boast a very remote antiquity, tracing their descent from the ancient family of that name, in Lincolnshire, England, a branch of which afterwards removed into the county of Sussex; a  of this family was John Pell, Esq., of the county of Norfolk, "steward, or master of the

[Drawing that reproduces the figures from stone
effigies of John Pell, and Margaret (his wife)
in Dersingham Church, Norfolk, England]

Stone effigies of John Pell, and Margaret his wife, in Dersingham Church, Norfolk, England.

MIC JACET JOHANNES PELL ARMIGER QUANDUM MAJOR TINN AE REGIS
QVI BXOREM DVXIT MARGARETAM FILIAM VNICAM GVLIELMI
OVEREND ARMIGER ANNOS 61 ET VNVM FAELIO TER VAN VIXERVNT
SEX FILIOS ET TRES FILJAS INTER SE HABVERVNT ILLE VERO CVM
ANNOS 81 COMPLEVERAT QVINTO DIE FEBRVAIE ANNO DOMINI
1607 MATVRA SENECTVE MORTEM OBIIT ET OCTAVO DIE
EIVSDEM MENSIS CORPVS SEPVLCHRO CONDERATVR.

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  a  The seal of John Pell, Esq., attached to the patent of New Rochelle, is charged with the arms of this ancient family, viz:  ermine, on a canton azure, a pelican or, vulned gules; this coat appears to have been granted October the 19th, 1594, the gold pelican and azure field are also a portion of the charges belonging to the coat armor of the Pelham family. 

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                     521

king's cup," living in 1597, who married Margaret Overend, the only daughter of William Overend, Esq., and had six sons and three daughters; his eldest son was John Pell, in holy orders, Rector of Southwyck, in Sussex County, England, who died A.D. 1616.  This individual was the father of two sons, Thomas Pell, first proprietor of the manor of Pelham, and the Rev. John Pell, D.D., Rector of Fobbing in Essex.  Thomas Pell appears to have been born at Southwyek, in Sussex, cir. 1608; the exact period of his arrival in America is uncertain; that he was one of the first settlers of New England however, there remains no doubt, for at a very early period we find his name associated with Roger Ludlow, a member of the Rev. John Warham's company, who settled first at Dorchester, Massachusetts, June, 1630, and afterwards removed to Windsor, Connecticut, in 1635; subsequently Ludlow, with ten families, commenced a plantation at Unquowa, (the Indian name for Fairfield, Conn.) here we find Mr. Pell in 1635.  The name of Thomas Pell first occurs in the New Haven colonial records, as attorney for the executors of Richard Jewell, in 1639. a 

     On the 10th of March, 1646, at a general court at New Haven were recorded the names of the people as seated in the meeting house; 1st middleseat, the governor and deputy governor &c.  In the cross seats at the end, 1st seat, Mr. Pell, Mr. Tuttle and brother Fowler, &c. b 

     The next year Mr. Pell is attached for ₤200, a debt which his wife, late widow of Mr. Francis Brewster, had contracted before her marriage with him.  This debt it appears Mr. Pell refused to pay, notwithstanding the court took the liberty to inform him that his wife's debts were his own.  On being afterwards brought up to court, he declared "that it was against his judgment to take an oath." c

     A.D. 1654, (the same year of his purchase in this town,) Mr. Thomas Yale, presented to ye general court held at New Haven, a noute under the hand of Mr. Thomas Pell, wherein he desires ye

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  a  New Haven Col. Rec. vol. i. 63.

  b  New Haven Col. Rec. vol. i. 280.

  c  New Haven Col. Rec. vol. i. 315, 316, 317, 335, 391.

VOL. I.                    66

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said Mr. Yale to make entry of the lands he had sold to Allen Ball, James Russel and Will Bradley, &c. a

     Upon the 9th of February, 1653, Thomas Pell purchased lands in Fairfield of Henry Rowland, Philip Pinckney, Alexander Briant and others; also a house which was sometimes Nathan Gold's in 1654. b

     At a court holden at Fairfield, October the 19th, 1658, the court desired Mr. Thomas Pell and John Wheeler to be husbands and administrators upon the estate of Thomas Demond. c 

     Upon the 25th of June, 1669, the town of Fairfield granted certain lands to Thomas Pell, Esq. d 

     Circa 1663, "the legislature of Connecticut determining to secure as far as possible the lands within the limits of their charger, authorized one Thomas Pell to purchase of the Indian proprietors all that tract between Westchester and Hudson's River, and the waters which made the Manhadoes an island, and resolved that it should be added to Westchester."  This statement is made on the authority of Trumbull and Webster, although no record now remains of the transaction. e 

     Mr. Pell's death must have occurred sometime between the date of his will, 21st of September, 1669, and that of the order for the taking of an inventory of his estate, on the 13th October, 1669; tradition asserts he was buried at Fairfield. f

The last will of Thomas Pell.

     In ye name of God, Amen -- It hath pleased ye all wise God many years to exercise me with much weakness of body, and having lately taken to himselfe my beloved wife Lucy, it being ye good pleasure of God to deny me natural issue of my owne body, his good hand of mercy continueing unto me to keep me in perfect memory and my understanding in a comfortable measure, according to proportion of wisdom and knowledge, where he saw meet to proportion to me, I desire in faith to give up my soule to God which gave it, my body to a

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  a  New Haven Col. Rec.

  b  Fairfield Town Rec.

  c  Probate Rec. Fairfield Co.

  d  Fairfield Town Rec.

  e  Trumbull's Hist. Conn. 272.  Webster's Letters, 205.

  f  Hazard's State Papers, vol. ii. 245, 336, 342, 343.

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comely burial, that I may be decently buryed in such a comely manner that God may not be dishonored.  It beinge my desire that peace may be attended in enjoyment of what God hath been pleased to give to me -- this being my last will and testament -- I doe make my nephew, John Pell, living in ould England, the only sonne of my only brother John Pell, Doctor of Divinity, which he had by hsi first wife, my whole and sole heire of all my lands and houses in any parte of New England, or in ye territoryes of ye Duke of Yorke.  I also give to my nephew John Pell (my whole and sole heire) all my goods, moveable or immoveable whatsoever -- money, plate, chattells and cattle of all kinde -- except such parcells and legacyes which I give and bequeath to persons as followeth, my just debts being first paid : and if my nephew, John Pell, be deceased, and hath left a sonne or sonnes surviving him, then what I have above given to my nephew, John Pell, I give to such issue of his ; and in ye default of such issue, it's my will that my brother John Pell's daughter shall enjoy ye abovesaid portion ; and in case they or any of them be deceased, then it is my will that the children of my brother's daughters shall inherit the abovesaid portion, to be equally divided amongst them.  It is my will, that in case my nephew, John Pell, my brother's sonne by his first wife, be deceased, and hath left no male issue, if my brother hath a sonne or sonnes by his last wife, he or they shall enjoy ye above said portion ; and in ye default of them or their male issue, then my brother's daughters, or their children, shall enjoy ye above portion as is above expressed.  I give to Abigail Burr, ye wife of Daniell Burr, ye best bed in my house in Fairfield, and boulstis, with two blancoates, a rug and dormink suit of curtains, six cushions, two paire of sheets, six chairs, the brewing kettle in use, two new keelers, a brewing tub, six silver spoons, with ye use of all ye plate in the house, if she desire of my executors of trust, till my heirs or heires come or send his or their order how or whcih way all things shall be disposed of.  Item -- I give to Daniell Burr all my horses and horse colts which I have in New England, and in ye territoryes of ye Duke of Yorke : I except my mares and mare colts, which I do not give him ; I except my saddle gelding, which my heire is to have if he come over -- otherwise, Daniel Burr is to have him, Daniell Burr is to take ye horse flesh as they run ; without any further dehinery, lett the mares be disposed of according to ye understanding of my executors of trust.  Item -- I give to my sonne, Francis French, all my tobacco, grwoing or not growing, in casks, or otherways made u in rolls or twist.  Item -- I give to Nathaniell French two young cowes and one young bull.  Item -- To Elizabeth White I give the worst feather bed and boulster, one iron pott, six porringers, six spoons of alcamy, six pewter platters, one brass skellet, and fifteen pounds more in goods or cattle, current pay, and two comely suits of apparel, one for working days, another for Sabbath dayes, with two paire of shoes.  Item -- to Mary White I give six pounds and one suite of aparell of serge, with two shifts, and wool for stockings.  I give to Nathaniell White, an apprentice to some handicraft trade ; and if it be for his advantage, to give tenne pounds

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with him out of my estate, not diminishing his twenty pounds, which is to be improved for his use.  I give to Barbary, my servant -- I sett her at liberty to be a free woman a month after my burial, except my nephew, John Pell, come in person ; she then to attend his occasions whilst he is there, not exceeding three months.  Further, I do gibve to Barbary, my servant, one flock bed and boulster, and two blancoats, a pair of sheets, and cotton rug, one iron pott, an iron skellett, six trays and chest, with a lock and key to it, six porringers, two pewter platters, six pewter sppons or ye value of them, two cowes or the value of them.  I give to my ancient maid, Katharine Rysten, five pounds in cattle or county pay.  I make, ordain, constitute and appoint Daniell Burr and John Bankes to be my executors of trust, and order them to pay, after my burial, all my just debts and legacyes, and to make sale of any utensils which are subject to decay -- old cattle -- and to be accountable to my heire or heires and to keep up housing and fencesupon my heires' charge, that the estate may not suffer.  I give to my said executors of trust twenty pounds apiece, and to be paid what first charge they are at upon any incumbrances.  Item -- I give those poor men their debts upon my booke, whose names follow -- Joseph Pathon, James Evers, Thomas Bassett, Roger Percy : and that this is my last will.  In witness whereof, I have hereunto sett my hand this twenty and one yeare of the raigne of our sovereigne lorde, King Charles, and the twenty first of September, 1669.

                                                                Me, THOMAS PELL.

Signed in the presence of us,
Nathan Gould,
John Cabell.

John Cabell gives oath that he was witness to Mr. Pell signing this will, with Mr. Gould, as he hath entered his hand.  Taken upon oath before me,

                                                                Nathan Gould, Assistant,

This 3d of -------------, in his Majestie's
     Colony of Connecticut, September, 1669. a

     Upon the 13th of October, A.D. 1669, the Court of Assize issued the following order, authorizing and appointing Mr. John Richbell, Mr. William Leyden, and Mr. Samuel Drake, to take an inventory of the estate of Thomas Pell, deceased:

     "Whereas, Mr. Thomas Pell of Ann Hook's Neck, is lately deceased, and having left a considerable estate in this government, of which no inventory is as yet returned." b

     In the inventory, we have a thorough and particular account

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  a  This will may be found in the Probate Rec. of Fairfield Co. 1665 to '75.

  b  Assize Rec. Albany, vol. ii. 78. 

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of the whole furniture and household array of a wealthy merchant and gentleman of that early period.

     An inventory of ye estate of Mr. Thomas Pell, late deceased, appraised by us whose names are underwritten, and yt according to an order or commission directed unto us by ye Rt. Hon'ble ye Govern'r, and his Royal High., ye Duke of Yorke, of all his territories in America.

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    527

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     This inventory and appraisem't was finished ye 20th of October, 1669, as witness o'r hands, we having according to o'r best knowledge and understand-

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COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER                    529

ing, done as witness o'r hands ye day and yeare aforesaid, we have appraised as money of this country,

John Richbells.
Wm. [Sideways H] Hoyden.
his marke.
Samuell Drake.

     John Bankes one of ye Exec'rs of ye said will entered into bond of ₤200 Sterl. to perfourme ye said will.  Ye bond was dated ye 13 of October, 1669.

     During the same year an execution was granted against ye estate of Thomas Pell of Ann Hooks neck, for ₤16 19 10, of ye goods or chattels belonging and reserved by ye executors, in trust, for the use of his heirs, the said sum being due for several charges relating to a matter in difference between Charles Bridges and Sarah his wife, plaintiffs, and ye said Thomas Pell defendant, wherein ye said defendant was overthrown, and condemned to pay ye costs of suit. a 

FRANCIS LOVELACE.    

     To Mr. Robert Coe, high sheriff or his deputy, to cause this execution to be served. b

     By the will of Mr. Thomas Pell, it will be observed, that he bequeathes all his "lands and houses in any part of New England, or in ye territory of ye Duke of York," to his nephew John Pell living in Ould England, the only son of his only brother, John Pell, Doctor of Divinity.

     Dr. Pell, the immediate ancestor of the Pell family in this country, was "an eminent mathematician, and descended of an ancient family in Lincolnshire, whence this branch having removed some time into Sussex, this gentleman had his birth in that county, on the first of March, 1610, at Southwycke, of which place his father, Mr. John Pell (as we have shown before) was then minister, but he did not live to see his son above six years of age, who after this loss, was put to a grammar school then newly founded at Steyning in that country. c  When scarcely thirteen years of age, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, England.

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  a  See Westchester.                    b  Assize Rec. Alb. 215
  c  Biographia Brittanica, vol. v.

VOL. I.                    67

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     In 1630, he wrote and published his Modus Supputandi, Ephemerides, Astronomicas, also a key to unlock the meaning of Johannes Trithimius, and a discourse on Steganography.  He had previously written a description and use of the Quadrant.  His great patron at this time, was the Prince of Orange, who presented him with the professorship of mathematics, at Breda in Holland.

     In April, 1654, he received his appointment from Oliver Cromwell, as English resident Ambassador to the Swiss cantons.

     The Pell papers in the Lansdowne and Birche collections afford interesting illustrations of Dr. Pell's domestic and literary character. 

     These papers contain numerous letters from Sir William Moorland, Sir William Lockhart, Sir William Cavendish, Secretary Thurloe and other distinguished men of that day to Dr. Pell.

     To which is appended Dr. Pell's diary during his residence at Zurich.

     The latter commences thus:  "April 5th, dismissed my Lord Protector, supped with my wife and bade her adieu."

     The first article in his correspondence (as ambassador) opens with a letter to Mr. Secretary Thurloe, dated Utrecht, April 20th, old style, 1654. a 

     In a letter from Mr. Moorland, to the Right Hon. John Pell, dated, Whitehall, January 15th 1656-57, he makes the following allusion to the family of the latter:  "to-morrow, God willing, I shall not fail to go and present your five children with five gold angels according to your order, as I have this evening sent her ladyship a note, though it were after I received the enclosed from her to you," &c. &c.

     August 26th, 1654, Mr. Pell thus writes to his wife concerning his children.

     Let Mary learn to cut and carve with her right hand.  Take heed that John b lose not his Roman with learning Secretary, or else get a rambling hand writing, neither of them well, &c."

_____________________________________________________________

  a  The year of his brother's purchase.

  b  John here alluded to, was the second proprietor of the manor.  In Mr. Pell's diary, Feb. 3, 1654, he remarks, "my son eleven years old."

*P. 531

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    531

     To Mrs. Pell, at her house behind six trees, in Gardiner's lane, near King street, Westminster.  In a letter of August 28th O.S. 1655, to his wife, he writes, "you have reason to thank the councillor that persuaded you to write to me for pearls and jewels.  You tell me you know I have rich presents; you might do well to tell me, who gave them me, when, and where, and what they are, for I know none of all these.  Nobody wears pearls or jewels here.  If they were to be sold, they cannot be sent safely to you in a letter through the hands of many posts, and I have no other way to send to you from hence.  It would a great deal better become you, to advise your daughters to cast off all thoughts of such bravery, as would not be fit for them, though their father were worth twenty times as much as he is, all his just claims being reckoned with thta which he hath now in his power.  This letter will come to Whitehall, about the very beginning of the parliament, so that Mr. Secretary and those about him, may be so full of business, that they may forget to send you this letter in due time, and then it may miscarry, which is the cause that this time I tell you no more of my mind concerning Ma. and the rest, of whom, I cannot think without much sadness. 

     God Almighty bless them and direct you.

     Zurich, May 26th.  Mr. Pell to Mrs. Pell.  Since my last of April 20th, &c. &c., I have received two of yours.  In them you ask advice concerning my son.  If he be not fit to get long lessons, by heart, he will never be fit for that school; but you must take heed that you displease not Mr. B. by taking him away.  If our friends can help you to find out a good school for him, you may send him thither in the school vacation; or else my uncle may help you to an excuse, by pretending a desire to see him; and then (as if it were his humor in my absence to have him better grounded before he return to such a great school) he may be sent to some other school, where there are fewer boys; for in large schools, the masters are forced to ease themselves by laying great burdens upon their scholars' memories.  But it will be very hard to find a good school.  God Almighty direct you and bless him and his sisters.

     October 15th.  Mr. Pell to Mrs. Pell.  Since my last of July 16, I have received seven of yours, &c.  The fourth tells me

*P. 532

532                    HISTORY OF THE

that you like mine of July 16th so ill, that you may well content yourself without my letters.  In it you sent me a Latin letter enquiring whether he that wrote it will be a scholar or a'prentice.  That question will be better answered three years hence; they that will now judge of him may be very much mistaken in him; with your next, let him send me the names of the books which he now learns at school, &c.

     October 2d, 1656, concerning his daughter Mary's marriage, he writes:  "I perceive by yours, that M. hath much abated the height of her first flight.  First a rich husband or none at all, then two hundred pounds a year at least; now, a younger brother, that hath no land, but some money in other men's hands, almost enough to purchase fourscore pounds a year free land.

     Now she hath found one rich enough for her, you must try whether he will account her rich enough for him, you may therefore tell him or her that you have order to pay him two hundred pounds upon the day of her marriage, without promise that she or hers shall receive any more from me, or by me, till I am dead, &c. &c. a

     On May the 6th, 1658, Mr. Pell received the following letter of recall from the Protector. 

     Oliver Cromwell to Mr. Pell.

     Sir: -- The state of affairs being much altered in those parts, so that your longer abode there seemeth no so necessary, and that your return hither may be more serviceable to us, I have thought fit hereby to recall you; therefore you will do well, having taken your leave their, in the best manner, to repair homewards, that we may receive from you the account of your whole negotiation, and you from us the encouragement which you have deserved. b

     Sir, I rest your loving friend,
                                          Oliver P.
     By his highness's command, Jo Thurloe.

_____________________________________________________________

  a  Mr. Pell's daughter was mar. Nov. 27, 1656.

  b  The tedious negotiations at Baden, ended in a peace, which left the Swiss Cantons in the same relation to each other and Europe as before.

*P. 533

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    533

     Mr. Pell arrived in England only a short time prior to the death of his patron.  Cromwell died on the 3d of September, 1658, just three weeks after Pell's arrival in London, on the 13th of August.  In his diary, Mr. Pell thus records the event.

     September 3.  "Olivarius Protector, obiit Alb. aulee.

     September 4.  Ricardus Westmonasterii et Londini proclamatur.

     The following notes relate to his attendance on the Protector's funeral:

Gardiner's Lane near King Street. 

     I do hereby request that the proportion of cloth allowed unto me by the right honorable council as mourning for his late highness, the lord protector, may be delivered unto my neighbor, Mr. Samuel Hartlib the younger.

     Written with mine own hand, Sept. 25th 1658,
                                                                       JOHN PELL.

Whitehall, at the Green Cloth, Sept. 27, 1658.

     MR. CLERK COMPTROLLER:  I desire you to direct the delivering of nine yards of black cloth, of twenty-four shillings per yard, and six yards, of fifteen shillings per yard, for John Pell, Esq.

BARRINGTON.

     JOHN PELL, ESQ.:  You are desired to attend the funeral of the most serene and most renowned Oliver, late lord protector, from Somerset house, on Tuesday the 23rd of November, instant, at eight of the clock in the morning at the furthest, and to bring with you this ticket, and that by Friday night next you send to the herald's office, near Paul's, the names of your servants that are to attend in mourning, without which they are not to be admitted, and also to take notice that no coaches are to pass on that day in the streets between Somerset house and Westminster. a 

     Mr. Pell was admitted to holy orders by the Bishop of Lincoln in 1661, and obtained from the crown the rectory of Fobbing in

_____________________________________________________________

  a  Vaughan's Protectorate of Cromwell, vol. ii, 341, 342.

*P. 534

534                    HISTORY OF THE

Essex, to which the Bishop of London added the rectory of Lavingdon, or Lainden, in the same county, A.D. 1677-8.

     Among the Pell papers occurs the following letter from his curate, the Rev. John Nye, dated,

Lainden, Feb. 10, 1677-8.

     REVEREND SIR, -- You expect, I presume, some intimations concerning the place and people where, as your substitute, I serve the cure; after tedious deliberation, I thought to give your worship the following notice, viz.: -- as far as the winter extremities, the incontiguity of country houses, and private necessities do permit, our churches enjoy full congregations, the people being reverent and observant, and lovers of the desk as well as pulpit.  I know not one perfect dissenter; only Mr. Andrews, of Lainden, once held a conventicle in his house since my coming.  The appearance at Christmas communion was tolerable -- about twenty persons; and we hope Easter will exceed.  Our school is occupied by a licensed, grave, and good man.  All officers for church and town are legally qualified, i.e. men honest, able, judicious.  All church ornaments and repairs are exact, except only Barseldon, where two casualties are fallen, viz.; the bell roof is ready to drop, and one side of the church needs shoring; the total charges are pre-estimated at about fifty pounds.  As for my own acceptance and success, it is not wholly in vain, praised be God!  I know not one drunkard nor swearer among us, except only Gaffar Fryer of Lainden, who on many accounts forgets piety but especially by swearing and miserableness.  My Lord Biship of London urges the duty of catechising with much fervor; I shall begin on the 17th of Feb. next, being the first Sunday in season to short for such a work, and hardly endured to have the matter contested.  Our parishes have not observed perambulations for several years; I suppose it will be convenient to stir Reverend sir, I know your minutes are precious, your importances constant; ergo, it is duty and love without rhetorical ambages to profess myself, as I ought to appear,

     Your worship's humble servant and ready curate.
                                                               JOHN NYE.

*P. 535

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                     535

      Mr. Andrews (of whom my letter speaketh,) is a constant churchman, attentive and observant at the common prayer, and carefully avoideth sly reflections against the government, but, as it seems, best satisfied with the Presbyterian discipline. a

     The Rev. John Pell, D.D., died on the 12th of December, 1685, and was buried in the rector's vault of St. Giles' Church in the Fields, London.

     John Pell, the only son of the Rev. John Pell, D.D., was born on the 3d February, 1643.  By the will of his uncle, Thomas Pell, he became the next proprietor of the manor of Pelham.

     From the following document it is apparent that John Pell took possession of the manor the year succeeding his uncle's decease, for "at a meeting of the governor and assistants in Hartford, December 9th, 1670, upon the desire of Mr. John Pell, the governor and assistants thought good thereby to certify whom it may concern, that they are fully satisfied by several letters and testimonials that the governor hath received from persons of honor in England, that the bearer of them, Mr. John Pell, sewer in ordinary to his majesty, and son of Dr. Pell of London, is the undoubted nephew of Mr. Thomas Pell, late of Fairfield, and the person whom he hath made his heir in his last will and testament, to whom the inventory in trust ought to surrender the estate bequeathed to him by the said Mr. Thomas Pell, deceased, and the just account thereof according to his will.  Signed by order of the governor and assistants, present me
                                                       JOHN ALLEN, Secretary of
                                                            his Majesty's Colony of Connecticut. a

     In the year 1675, John Pell of Ann-hooks neck, binds and makes over unto John Burr of Fairfield, his heirs and assignees, &c., all his meadow lying in Fairfield, on the Mill river, &c.

     The 11th of December, 1685, John Pell, Esq., by conveyance made over to John Smith of the town of Bruckland, Great Minne-

____________________________________________________________

  a  Vaughan's Protectorate of Cromwell, vol. ii. 483-5.

  b  Probate Rec. Fairfield, Co. 1665-75, p. 49.

*P. 536

536                     HISTORY OF THE

fords Island, sometimes called Mulberry Island, which lies situate opposite to Ann-hooks neck, formerly in possession of William Pate and Robert Godfrey.

[Image of signature and seal of John Pell and Rachel, his wife]

Signature and seal of John Pell and Rachel his wife.

     Upon the 20th of October, 1687, the whole manor was confirmed by letters patent under the great seal of the province of New York, by Thomas Dongan, lieutenant governor of the same in the following manner:

     THOMAS DONGAN, Captain General and Governor-in-chief in and over the province of New Yorke, and the territories depending thereon in America, under his most sacred Majesty, James the Second, by the grace of God Kinge of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c., -- to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting:  Whereas, Richard Nicolls, Esq., late governor of this province, by his certaine deed in writing, under his hand and seale, bearing date the sixth day of October, in the eighteenth year of the reigne of our late sovereigne lord, Charles the Second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Kinge, defender of the faith, &c., and in the yeare of our Lord God one thousand six hundred sixty and six -- did give, grant, confirme and rattefye, by virtue of the commission and authoritye unto him given by his (then) royal highness, James, Duke of Yorke, &c., (his now Majesty,) upon whome, by lawful grant and pattent from his (then) Majesty, the propriety and government of that part of the maine land, as well of Long Island and all the islands adjacent.  Amongst other things was settled unto Thomas Pell, of Oakway, alias Fairfield,  in his Majestye's colony of Connecticut -- gentleman -- all that certaine tract of land upon the maine lying and being to the eastward of Westchester bounds, bounded to the westward with a river called by the Indians Aquaconounck, commonly known to the English by the name of Hutchinson's River, which runneth into the bay lyeing betweene Throgmorton's Neck and Anne Hooke's Neck, comonly called Huchinson's Bay, bounded on the east by a brooke

*P. 537

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    537

called Cedar Tree Brooke, or Gravelly Brooke; on the south by the Spound, which lyeth betweene Longe Island and the maine land, with all the islands in the Sound not before that time granted or dissposed of, lyeing before that tract of land so bounded as is before expresst; and northward to runne into the woods about eight English miles, the breadth to be the same, as it is along by the Sound, together with all the lands, islands, soyles, woods, meadows, pastures, marshes, lakes, waters, creeks, fishing, hawking, hunting and fowling, and all other proffitts, commodityes and heridetaments to the said tract of land and islands belonging, with their and every of their appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof; and that the said tract of land and premises should be forever thereafter held, deemed, reputed, taken and be an intire infranchised townshipp, manner and place of itself, and should always, from time to time, and at all times thereafter, have, hold and enjoy like and equall priviledges and immunities with any towne infranchised, place or manner withing this government, &c., shall in no manner of way be subordinate or belonging unto, have any dependence upon or in any wise, bounds or the rules under the direction of any riding, or towne, or towneshipps, place or jurisdiction either upon the maine or upon Longe Island -- but should in all cases, things and matters be deemed, reputed, taken and held as an absolute, intire, infranchised towneshipp, manner and place of itselfe in this government, and should be ruled, ordered and directed in all matters as to government, accordingly, by the governor and Councell, and General Court of Assizes -- only provided, always, that the inhabbitants in the said tract of land granted as aforesaid, should be oblidged to send fforwards to the next townes all publick pachquetts and letters, or hew and cryes coming to New Yorke or goeing from thence to any other of his Majestie's collonys; to have and to hold the said tract of land and islands, with all and singular the appurenances and premises, togaither with the privelidges, imuneties, franchises, and advantages therein given and granted unto the the said Thomas Pell, to the proper use and behoofe of the said Thomas Pell, his heires and assignes for ever, ffully, ffreely and clearely, in as large and ample manner and forme, and with such full and absolute immunityes and priveledges as before is expresst, as if he had held the same immediately ffrom his Majesty the Kinge of England, &c., and his suckcessors, as of the manner of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in free and common sockage and by fealtey, only yealdeing, rendering and payeing yearely and every yeare unto his then royall highness, the Duke of Yorke, and his heires, or to such governour or governours as from time to time should by him be constituted and appoynted, as an acknowledgement, one lambe on the first day of May, if the same shall be demanded as by the said deede in writeing, and the entrey thereof in the bookes of records in the secretarie's office for the province aforesaid, may more fully and at large appeare.  And whereas, John Pell, gentleman, nephew of the said Thomas Pell, to whom the lands, islands and premises, with appurtenances, now by the last will and testament of him, the said Thomas Pell, given and bequeathed, now is in the actual, peacable
     VOL. I.                    68

*P. 538

538                     HISTORY OF THE

and quiett seazeing and possession of all and singular the premises, and hath made his humble request to mee, the said Thomas Dongan, that I would, in the behalfe of his sacred Majesty, his heirs and suckcessors, give and grant unto him, the said John Pell, a more full and firme grant and confirmation of the above lands and premises, with the appurtenances, under the seale of this his Majestie's province:  Now Know Yee, that I, the said Thomas Dongan, by virtue of the commission and authority unto me given by his said Majesty, and power in me being and residing, in consideration of the quitt rent herinafter reserved, and for divers other good and lawfull considerations me thereunto moving, I have given, rattefied and confirmed, and by these presents doe hereby give, grant, rattefie and confirme unto the said John Pell, his heirs and assigns for ever, all the before mentioned and rented lands, islands and premises, with the heridatements and appurtenances, priveledges, immuneties, ffrancheises and advantages to the same belonging and appertaining, or in the said before mentioned deede in writing expresst, implyed or intended to be given and granted, and every part and parcell thereof, together with all that singular messages, tenements, barnes, stables, orchards, gardens, lands, islands, meadows, inclosures, arable lands, pastures, feedeings, commons, woods, underwoods, soyles, quarreys, mines, minnerally, (royall mines only excepted,) waters, rivers, ponds, lakes, hunteing, haucking, ffishing, ffowleing, as alsoe all rents, services, wasts, strayes, royaltyes, liberties, priviledges, jurisdictions, rights, members and appurtenances, and all other imunityes, royaltyes, power of franchises, profitts, commodeties and heredatements whatsoever to the premises, or any part or parcell thereof belonging or appertaining: and further, by vertueof the power and authority in mee being and residing, I doe hereby grant, rattefie and confirme, and the tract of land, island and premises aforesaid are, by these presents, erected and constituted to be one lordship and manner -- and the same shall from henceforth be called the lordshipp and manner of Pelham; and I doe hereby give and grant unto the said John Pell, his heirs and assigns, ffull power and authority at all times hereafter, in the said lordshippe and manner of Pelham aforesaid, one court leete and one court barron, to hold and keepe at such times and so often yearly as he and they shall see meete, and all sines, issues and amerciaments at the said court leete and court barron, to be holden and kept in the manner and lordship aforesaid, that are payable from time to time, shall happen to be due and payable by and from any the inhabitants of or within the said lordshipp and manner of Pelham mentioned, for the holding and keepeing of the said court leete and court barron, and the heirs and assignes, and the same court leete and court barron to be kept by the said John Pell, his heirs and assignes, or his or their steward, deputed or appoynted:  and I doe further hereby give and grant unto the said John Pell,

*P. 539

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                 539  

his heirs and assignes, full power to distraine for all rents and other sums of money payable by reason of the premises, and all other lawful remedys and meanes for the haveing, receiving, levying and enjoying the said premises and every part thereof, and all waifts, strayes, wrecks of the sease, deodands and goods of ffellons happening and being within the said manner of Pelham, with the advowson and right of patronage of all and every of the church and churches in the said manner, erected and to be erected -- to have and to hold all and singular the said tract of land, islands and manner of Pelham, and all their rights, members, jurisdictions, priviledges, heredaments and appurtenances, to the said John Pell, his heirs and assignes, to the only proper use, benefitt and behoofe of the said John Pell, his heirs and assignes, for ever; to be holden of his most sacred Majestye, his heirs and successors, in free and common soccage, according to the tenure of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in his Majestye's kingdom of England, yielding, rendering and praying therefore yearly and every year for ever, unto his said Majestye, his heirs and successors, or to such officer or officers as shall from time to time be appointed to receive the same -- twenty shillings, good and lawful money of this province, at the citty of New Yorke, on the five and twentyth day of the month of March, in lieu and stead of all rents, services and demands whatsoever.

     In testimony whereof, I have signed these presents with my handwriting, caused the seale of the province to be thereunto affixed, and have ordained that the same be entered upon record in the secretary's office, the five and twentyeth day of October, in the third yeare of the Kinge Majestye's reigne, and in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty and seven. a

                                                                                   THOMAS DONGAN.

________________________________________________________________

  a  Co. Rec. Lib. A. 240, Alb. Book of Pat. No. ii. 306.  The original document is in the possession of Mrs. Maria Fay, of New York.

*P. 540

540                    HISTORY OF THE

     On the 20th of September, 1689, John Pell, gentleman and Rachel his wife, for a valuable consideration, conveyed to Jacob Leisler of New York, merchant, all that tract of land in the manor of Pelham, (now called New Rochelle), containing six thousand acres, and also one hundred acres for the use of the French church, &c.  The grantees and his heirs yielding as an acknowledgement therefore unto the said John Pell and his heirs as lords of the manor of Pelham, one fat calf on the 24th of June, yearly. a 

     By a writ of summons served on the 20th of March, 1691, John Pell was returned by the high sheriff to represent the county of Westchester in the Provincial Assembly. b  He was also judge of the court of common pleas for this county. 

     The Hon. John Pell appears to have died intestate cir. 1700, leaving issue by his Wife Rachel Pinckney, two sons and several daughters. 

     Thomas, the eldest son, as heir at law, became invested with the inheritances and legal rights of his deceased faterh.  By the will of Thomas Pell, 3 July, 1739, he bequeathes all his rights to his son Joseph Pell, whose son Joseph married his cousin Zipporah Pell, daughter of John Pell; the sons of the late Joseph Pell, last mentioned, are Peter Pell of Eastchester, the eldest heir male of the Pell family, and Abner lately deceased, besides three daughters.  Thomas Pell of Eastchester, the son of Thomas, by his will, dated A.D. 1753, "bequeathes his silver tankard and silver tumbler that formerly belonged to his grandfather, John Pell, to his son David Pell; also the great bible.  His executors he empowers to execute good and sufficient deeds and conveyances of his lands and remainders of the moneys which shall be arising from the sale of one half of his farm lying in Eastchester, and the island lying in ye manor of Pelham, and my right in lands lying within ye patent at the north end of. New Rochelle lands, &c., and to dispose of my lands lying in Fairfield, Conn. c

     A small portion of the ancient manor still remains vested in the

_________________________________________________________________

  a  See New Rochelle. 

  b  Smith's Hist. N.Y. 73.

  c  Surrogate's office, N.Y. No. xviii. 463.

*Foldout Plate Facing Page 541

[Foldout Plate Entitled "Pedigree of Pell of Pelham"]

*P. 541

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    541

descendants of Philip Pell, Esq., fourth son of Thomas Pell, eldest son of John Lord Pell.  Philip married Hannah Mott on the 5th of March, 1731. a  The son of Philip and Hannah Pell, was Philip Pell, who married Gloriana Tredwell.  Their issue was, first the Hon. Philip Pell, judge advocate of the American army, member of assembly and one of the best Greek scholars of that day.  His grandson is the present Philip Pell, of Pelham.  The second son was Major Samuel Pell of the second New York regiment who greatly distinguished himself at the memorable battle of Saratoga. b 

     The following epitaph is inscribed on his head stone in Eastchester church yard: 

Major Samuel Pell,
ob. 29 Decr. 1786,
in the 32nd year of his age.

"Thus after returning victorious,"
from the field of Mars, he
cheerfully obeys the summons
of eternity from whence there
is no return.

     The third son of Philip and Hannah Pell, was Colonel David Pell, an officer in the continental army; this individual was the father of Stephen Pell, of Pelham.

     The descendants of Joshua Pell, third son of Thomas Pell, eldest son and heir of John Lord Pell, are the Pells of New York, and Robert L. Pell, Esq., of Pelham, Ulster County.

     A beautiful valley borders the Acqueanouncke or Hutchinson's river on the west side of the town.  The Acqueanouncke or

___________________________________________________________

  a  This marriage took place before the Quaker meeting assembled at Westbury, L.I.  The marriage certificate is signed by 26 witnesses; among those occurs the name of his brother Caleb Pell.

  b  For his services Major Samuel Pell received three hundred acres of bounty land.

*P. 542

542                    HISTORY OF THE

more properly the Acquacknouncke (an Indian name, descriptive of the red cedar tree,) rises in the town of Scarsdale, upon the lands of Isaac Adriance.

     Pelham Dale, the property of James Hay, Esq., is delightfully situated near the junction of the salt and fresh waters of the Aqueanouncke.  This estate formerly belonged to Col. David Pell, and, upon the division of his property, was purchased by the present proprietor.  Mr. Hay is a descendant of James Hay, Esq., a  of Netherinch, Scotland, who joined the army of Prince Charles Edward in 1745, and was wounded at the "fight of Falkirk."  After his death, his family retired to Shetland.  The dwelling house is a handsome structure of stone, and commands a beautiful view of Hutchinson's River, together with the distant village and spire of Eastchester.  The garden contains a choice collection of trees and shrubs, and is also enlivened by a running stream.  About half a mile further up the valley is situated the Race Field, once famous in the annals of the turf.  The Pell family, however, appear to have been its principal supporters, and it has long since fallen into disuse.  A little south of this spot, the New Haven Railroad crosses the vale.  A grand feature in this beautiful valley is an extensive range of forest commonly called the Pelham woods.  On the margin of the East River Creek, in this town, is situated the Shrubbery, the residence of George Prevost, Esq., son of the late Major George William Prevost.  This place was formerly the property of Joshua Pell, Esq., whose son Joshua sold it to Colonel Aaron Burr, from whom it passed by purchase to his step son, Frederick Prevost.  b  The latter subsequently conveyed it to Major Prevost.  The Prevosts were originally from Geneva, in Switzerland, being descended from Major General George Prevost, of that place, who married Anne, daughter of the Chevalier Grand, of Amsterdam, Holland.  The father of the late proprietor was Major General Augustine Prevost, brother of Lieut. Gen. Sir George Prevost,

___________________________________________________________

  a  James Hay, Esq., is buried in Kilsyth churchyard, Scotland. 

  b  Frederick Prevost was the son of Frederick Prevost, Esq., by his wife, Theodosia Bartow.  This lady afterwards married Col. Aaron Burr.

*P. 543

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    543

Baronet, Governor General and Commander-in-chief of the British North American colonies. a  The brothers of the late proprietor were Col. Augustine Prevost, lost at sea; Capt. Henry Prevost, who fell in the storming of Albufeira, Portugal, and Capt. James Prevost, who was killed in the storming of Ciudad Rodrigo, in Spain.  Mr. Stephen Pell's residence and store is at a little distance on the north.  The following item relates to the old mill that formerly stood in this vicinity:

     "April, 1726, Joseph Fowler is permitted to erect a dam or mill on the creek that runs between Mr. Pell's and Eastchester, at a certain place commonly called and known by the town land, provided he makes room for the water to be drawn off the meadows and for the canoes to pass."  b 

     On the heights of Pelham, overlooking the village of Eastchester, stnads the residence of Mrs. Hinman, daughter of Col. James Pell, former proprietor.  From the records of the Court of Chancery, it appears that Colonel Pell's property originally consisted of four hundred and forty acres.  His last will was recorded in 1790.  Nearly opposite this place, a road pursues the eastern side of the heights towards Pelham Neck.  This road passes, on the left, Woodside, the residence of Mr. B.S. Collins.  From this place, many pleasant views of the valley and adjacent country are obtained, with the meanderings of the Aqueanouncke, on its way to the Sound.

     Pelham Neck, a portion of the southern extremity of this town, (as has been shown,) was formerly called Ann Hook's Neck -- subsequently Pell's Point and Rodman's Neck.  Before entering the Neck, on the high ground to the west stands the residence of Richard Morris, Esq., commanding a pretty bay on the east, and some fine woodland scenery on the northwest.  Upon the northeast side of the Neck lies the "Indian burying-ground," already alluded to.  In fact, the whole of the Neck appears to have been used by the Indians for the purposes of sepulture:  in proof of this their remains have been found in almost every part of it.  The

____________________________________________________________

  a  Ancestor of the Rev. Sir George Prevost, of Belmont, Hampshire, England.

  b  Eastchester Rec.

*P. 544

largest proportion of mounds, however, are situated on the grounds of the late George Rapelje.  This individual's father, Rem Rapelje, purchased the property of the Rodman family, the Rodmans having obtained it through the marriage of Samuel Rodman, with Mary Pell, daughter of Caleb Pell.  The residence of the late Mr. Rapelje is occupied by Peter Brinckerhoff, Esq.; it is beautifully situated near the eastern shore of the Neck. This spot is celebrated for extensive views of the Sound.  The interior of the mansion possesses some good paintings; the whole collection is well worthy of the attention of the connoiseur.

     Hawks' Wood, the residence of the late Elisha King, Esq., a  now occupied by his widow, adjoins the Rapelje property on the south.  The house is built of stone, in the Grecian style, and presents a fine front of columns to the water.  The beauty of the scenery in this vicinity is greatly heightened by the close proximity of City Island and the richly wooded shores of the Point.  The grounds, containing a great variety of choice trees, were laid out by the celebrated gardener, André Parmentier.

     Pelham Neck is terminated by the property of Mr. Samuel Bowne.  b  Perhaps the finest view of City Island and the adjacent waters are to be had from this portion of the Point.  It deserves to be mentioned, that this district affords a favorite haunt for the fish hawk, (Falco Halitætus,) whose nests may be seen in the lofty summits of the venerable oaks and chestnuts which abound on the Neck and neighboring shores. 

     "These birds are greatly respected, and a kind of superstition prevails that it is a lucky omen if one builds on the farm.  The nest is an immense fabric of rotten sticks --

'Itself a burden for the tallest tree.'"

     They subsist altogether on the finny tribes that swim in the

______________________________________________________________

  a  For a full account of the King family, see Thompson's Hist. of Long Island.

  b  On the site of Mr. Bowne's dwelling home, stood the residence of Thomas Pell, first proprietor of the manor.

*P. 545

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    545

bays and creeks adjacent, procuring their prey by their own active skill and industry."

     "The regular arrival of this noted bird at the vernal equinox, when the busy season of fishing commences, adds peculiar interest to its first appearance, and procures it many a benediction from the fishermen." 

"Soon as the sun, great ruler of the year,"
Bends to our northern climes his bright career,
And from the caves of Ocean calls from sleep
The finny shoals and myriads of the deep;
When freezing tempests back to Greenland ride,
And day and night the equal hours divide;
True to the season, o'er our sea-beat shore,
The sailing Osprey high is seen to soar
With broad, unmoving wing; and, circling slow,
Marks each loose straggler in the deep below,
Sweeps down like lightning! plunges with a roar!
And bears his struggling victim to the shore. 

The long-housed fisherman beholds, with joy,
The well-known signal of his rough employ;
And, as he bears his nets and oars along,
Thus hails the welcome season with a song: --

          THE FISHERMAN'S HYMN.

The Osprey sails above the Sound;
The geese are gone, the gulls are flying;
The herring shoals swarm thick around;
The nets are launched, the boats are plying.
Yo, ho, my hearts! let's seek the deep,
Raise high the song, and cheerly wish her,
Still as the bending net we sweep,
"God bless the fish hawk and the fisher."

She brings us fish -- she brings us Spring,
Good times, fair weather, warmth, and plenty;
Fine store of shad, trout, herrings, ling,
Sheeps-head and drum, and old-wives' dainty.
Yo, ho, my hearts! let's seek the deep,
Ply every oar, and cheerly wish her,

VOL. I.                    69

*P. 546

546                    HISTORY OF THE

Still as the bending net we sweep,
"God bless the fish hawk and the fisher."

She rears her young on yonder tree;
She leaves her faithful mate to mind 'em;
Like us, for fish, she sails to sea,
And, plunging, shows us where to find 'em;
Yo, ho, my hearts; let's seek the deep,
Ply every oar, and cheerly wish her,
While the slow-bending net we sweep,
"God bless the fish hawk and the fisher." a 

     In May, 1755, a public ferry appears to have been established between Ann-hooks neck, and Gravelly or Cedar Tree brook, on the north side of the East river and Hampstead harbor, and Matagariesons bay on the opposite shore, under such regulations as had been usual and customary.  "The patentees were Samuel Rodman, owner and proprietor of a tract of land lying on Pell's neck, in the county of Westchester, adjoining upon and extending along the East river about one mile and a half, and John Wooley owner and proprietor of a certain tract in the township of Hampstead in Queens county, on Nasseau Island, opposite to the landing place on the said Samuel Rodman's plantation, adjoining upon and extending along the said river about half a mil." b 

     It was upon Pelham neck that the British forces landed, October 18th, 1776, ten days previous to the battle of White Plains. 

     Two days prior to the enemies landing, General Heath informs us "that the general officers of the American army rode to reconnoitre the ground at Pell's neck, &c., and it was determined that the position of the American army should be immediately changed; the left flank to be extended more northerly, to prevent its being turned by the British, c  who were at this time posted on Throgmorton's neck."  "On the 18th of October, (Gen. Heath continues) the wind was now fresh at south-west, the British crossed to the other side of Frogs neck, embarked on board their boats,

*P. 547

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    547

crossed over the cove, landed on Pell's neck, and moved briskly upwards.  Three or four of the American regiments advanced towards them and took a good position behind a stone fence.  When the British had advanced sufficiently near, they gave them a pretty close fire, which checked them, and even obliged them to fall back; but being immediately supported, they returned vigorously to the charge.  The action was sharp, for a short time; but the Americans were soon obliged to give way to superior force.  Shepard's, Read's, Baldwin's, and Glover's regiments had the principal share in this action.  The Americans had between thirty and forty men killed and wounded; among the latter Col. Shepard, in the throat, not mortally, although the ball came well nigh effecting instant death.  The loss of the British was not known, but must have been considerable.  They advanced almost to New Rochelle, and halted.  The American army extended its left." a 

     We copy the following from the Diary of President Styles:

                    Camp at Mile Square, E. Chester, 23 Oct. 1776.

     "Friday morning last, the 18th, we were alarmed, and the enemy landed at Rodman's Point, (a place about four miles from our encampment,) with their whole force, the brigade under the command of Col. Glover consisting of about 700 men, one regiment being absent for guard.  We marched down towards the place where the enemy were advancing with a body of 1600, with a very large artillery train.  The first attack was made by a small party on their advance guard.  We were effectually routed, and forced to retreat to the main body, who, when they came up, were fired upon by two regiments advantageously posted, Col. Glover's and Major Lee's, who behaved gallantly; we brought many of them to the ground. b  Thus we continued fighting them and retreating the whole afternoon, until they came to a stand, where they now remain, except for stretching along down towards Connecticut, I suppose for forage.  Our men behaved like soldiers, conformed

______________________________________________________________

  a  Heath's Mem. pp. 72, 73.

  b  Balls and brass ornaments are frequently found on the heights of Pelham.  Near the residence of James Hay, Esq., part of a soldier's belt was discovered marked 16th Regiment. 

*P. 548

548                    HISTORY OF THE

to the orders of their officers, and retreated in grand order.  Our loss is about nine or ten killed, and about thirty wounded.  People may think what they please of the regular and spirited behavior of the British troops, but I that day was an eye witness to the contrary; I saw as great irregularity almost as in a militia regiment.  They would run out from the body and fire single guns.  As to their courage, the whole body of the 16th were forced to return by the fire of a single regiment, and many of them old troops.  The fourth regiment was one that ran, and had we been reinforced with half their numbers might have totally defeated them.

     "The next day General Lee (under whose command we are,) came and publicly returned his thanks to Colonel Glover and the officers and soldiers under his command for their noble spirited and soldier like conduct during the battle." a

                    North Castle, October 29th, 1776. 

     "We have secured and encamped on every hill and dale, between this and New York, last Friday week, (18th.)  Our whole brigade that then lay at Eastchester under command of Colonel Glover was ordered to oppose the progress of a large body of the enemy, then landing at Rodman's Point. b  Three regiments were ordered to pass a causeway, (the only passage,) and march to oppose them, and our regiment with three pieces of artillery was posted on an eminence overlooking the causeway, to secure a retreat for the others, and prevent the enemy from advancing.  Colonel Glover so posted the three other regiments in the wood that they annoyed the enemy greatly.  But discovering that they had determined to flank them he ordered a retreat.  We had six or seven killed and about eighteen wounded.  The enemies' loss about one hundred and forty or one hundred and fifty.  After the skirmish we retreated to Mile Square, where we lay encamped till Friday, (25th Oct.) when with the remainder of General

____________________________________________________________

  a  Diary of President Styles, Library of Yale College, vol. vi.

  b  The British grenadiers and light infantry (says Stedman,) landed October 18th, 1776, on Pell's Point, ten days before the battle of White Plains.  The Hessians under Kayphausen landed on Davenport's neck. 

*P. 549

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                     549

Lee's, joined the main body of the American army at White Plains." a

     There are several islands belonging to this town lying opposite the southern extremity of Pelham neck, which add much to the beauty of the Sound scenery.  The principal of these is Great Minnefords b  or City Island.  We have shown that upon the 11th of December, 1685, John Pell sold Great Minneford's Island, sometimes called Mulberry Island, to John Smith of Brukland.  The principal proprietors of the island in 1700 were William Euerden and Gabriel Umbriel.  "Upon the 27th of May, Robert Monckton, governor of the province, laid out for Benjamin Palmer and others the breadth of four hundred feet of the ground or soil now lying under the water, round the east side south, and part of the west side of a certain island lying in the Sound or East river, in the manor of Pelham, &c., called and known by the name of Minneford's Island.  The petitioners on this occasion appear to have been David Hunt, Jonathan Fowler, Caleb Hunt, Edward Ward, Samuel Ward, John Wooley, Isaac Barnes, Enoch Hunt, Joseph Mullineux, James Lewis, Aaron Hunt, Benjamin Palmer, Joseph Palmer, Samuel Le Roux, and many other persons, proprietors of Minnefords Island, c  &c." 

     The above right is now vested in Des Brosses Hunter, Esq. the state having sold it some years since for quit rent to an individual from whom Mr. Hunter purchased.

     At an early period of our colonial history the erection of a large commercial city was proposed upon this island.  The attempt was actually commenced, but its hasty projectors were soon compelled to seek a less exposed and more eligible site.  From this circumstance the place acquired its present name, City Island.  Flagging stones are frequently met with on various parts of the island.  One of the principal proprietors is George W. Horton.  On the north-west side reside the family of the late Thomas Pell, fifth in descent from John Pell, Esq., lord of the manor of Pelham. 

______________________________________________________________

  a  Diary of President Styles.

  b  This word invariably occurs in the genitive, (Minneford's Island) from which we infer that it was originally the name of its Indian proprietor.

  c  See docket on file at office of Secretary of State. 

*P. 550

550                    HISTORY OF THE

     During the Revolutionary war, the island was greatly exposed to the enemy's shipping. 

     "On the 27th of August, 1776, early in the morning, (says Gen. Heath,) two ships and a brig came to anchor a little above Frog Point.  Our general immediately detached Col. Graham with his regiment, to prevent their landing to plunder or burn.  Before he arrived several barges full of men landed on New City Island and killed a number of cattle.  Two companies of the regiment immediately on their arrival ferried over to the island.  The enemy carried off one man and fourteen cattle; the remainder of the cattle were secured." a

     "30th of January, 1777, (observes the same authority,) the storm cleared up, when fifteen ships, one brig, two schooners, and two sloops came to, between Hart and City Island.  They were from the eastward, and were supposed to have troops on board." b

     Hart Island lies to the east of the former. 

     In 1774, Oliver de Lancey was seized in demesne as of fee of all that certain island, situate and being in Long Island Sound, commonly called Spectacle, or Hart Island, or one of the Minneford Islands, containing eighty-five acres.  From Oliver de Lancey it passed to the Rodmans and Haights.  The latter sold it to the present proprietor, John Hunter, Esq.  The south-west end of the island affords a safe anchorage for the river shipping, during the prevalence of south-easterly storms.  High Island, is situated near the south shore of Pelham neck.  The Narrows between Hart and City Island and the Blauzes are much frequented by vast flocks of wild ducks.  The varieties consist principally of the old wife, broad bill coot, black duck and whistler.  In the fall of 1846, 1000 ducks are said to have been shot here, in the course of six hours. 

     The Pelham bridge, sometimes called the Eastchester creek bridge, communicates with the neck and the Westchester shore.  This place is well known as a favorite resort for anglers.  When

____________________________________________________________

  a  Heath's Mem. p. 55, 56.

  b  Heath's Mem. p. 113.

*P. 551

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    551

the tide serves, fish of various kinds and particularly the largest sized bass are taken.  On the 3d of June, 1844, Mr. Benjamin Fowler captured a striped bass, weighing sixty-three pounds.  When measured it was found to be four feet six inches long.  A single steak of this fish weighed eight pounds.  Des Brosses Hunter, Esq., also caught a bass here weighing fifty pounds.

     During the summer of 1841, a bass drifted on the neighboring beach, weighing forty-three pounds.  Mr. Albert Woodhull with a trolling line captured a fish in these waters whose weight was thirty-six pounds, and Mr. Geo. Cox Furman, with a reel, another weighing twenty-one pounds.  In the fall of 1838, the proprietor of the bridge informed me that 769 bass of various sizes were taken at this place by angling.  September and October are considered the best fishing months.  Sheeps head are also occasionally taken here.  A few years since a monstrous seal was shot in the bay, opposite the bridge, weighing eight hundred pounds.

     Pelham bridge was originally commenced by a company of gentlemen in the immediate neighborhood, who after sustaining severe losses, were compelled to relinquish the enterprise, which it was reserved for the late George Rapelje, Esq. to complete.  The bridge has since been purchased of his heirs, and is now rented by Benjamin Fowler, Jun., who bears (like his father) an admirable character for the manner in which he sustains this favorite haunt of the angler. 

     From the bridge there is a most extensive view of Hutchinson's bay, terminated only by the shores of Long Island, the fertile valley through which the Aqueanounck winds on its passage to the former and the heights of Westchester.  On the south-east shore of Pelham is situated the estate of Robert Bartow, Esq.  This property was once a portion of the estate of Thomas Pell, proprietor of the manor, eldest son and heir of John Lord Pell. 

     In March, 1790, Thomas Pell, grand-son of the above Thomas and Phebe his wife, conveyed the same to John Bartow, a  and Ann Pell his wife, grand-parents of the present owner. 

________________________________________________________________

  a  The father of John was Theophilus Bartow, who married Bathsheba Pell, daughter of Thomas Pell the proprietor.

*P. 552

552                    HISTORY OF THE

     The dwelling house which is constructed of native stone presents a fine Grecian front to the road, with wings on the east and west.

     The old manor house was pulled down many years since.  It stood south-west of the present residence.

     In a small cemetery south of the former, repose the remains of the Pell family.  The oldest monument legible bears the following inscriptions. 

Her is the
Body of Jo-
seph Pell,
Eged 31,
D. 1752.

     The figure of a rude cherub with out-stretched wings surmounts the epitaph.

     The family of Drake and others have monuments erected here.

     On the estate is one of the largest and finest oak trees in the country, interesting as the very tree beneath which the Indian sachems ceded these lands to Thomas Pell, on the 14th of November, 1654. 

"What tales, if there were tongues in trees,
That giant oak could tell." -- Alnwick Castle.

     The adjoining estate, Oak-shade, is the property of James A. Suydam, Esq.  The house is a very beautiful specimen of the Italian villa style.  The south front commands a fine view of Pelham neck and the Sound. 

     The residence of Isaac Coles, Esq., is also finely situated and embraces every variety of water view.  But the most to be admired in this situation is the good taste with which art has added her charms to those of nature; the grounds being tastefully laid out to the water's edge, and embellished with extensive green and fruit houses.

     Hunter's Island is connected with the main by a stone causeway and bridge.  The mansion which is situated about the centre of the island, has the most commanding views of the vicinity.  It is constructed of stone with wings on the east and west.  The south front presents a collonade of the Ionic order,

_______________________________________________________________

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    553

from which an extensive and delightful prospect presents itself to the eye.  Before you is a fine belt of woods, to the east a boundless expanse of water, while on the south-west a lovely bay stretches towards Pelham neck and Throgmorton's Point.  These features render it one of the most beautiful spots on the river.  The north front of the house overlooks the winding creek and distant woods of Pelham. 

     The principal rooms, together with a large picture gallery are hung around with an extensive collection of painting by the best masters.  To enumerate the whole would be unnecessary, we shall therefore, briefly mention the most pre-eminent.  A Madonna and child, by Raffaele.  In this picture may be remarked, that grace and simplicity of style, by which the prince of painters is distinguished.  A landscape, by Poussin.  A St. Cecilia, by Domenichino.  This painting displays the greatness of expression and force of relief so peculiar to that artist.  It is related of Domenichino, that when his friends were persuading him to finish his works with less labor, and in this respect to follow the example of his contemporaries, he replied: "I work for myself alone, and for the perfection of the art."  Landscapes, by Salvator Rosa.

     The reading of the recovered books of the law, to King Josiah.  2 Kings, xxii. 8, 9, by Rembrandt.

     Presentation in the Temple, -- Paul Veronese.  Landscape, -- Cuyp.  Moonlight, water view, -- Vandervelde.  The guard room, -- Teniers.  Merry making scene, -- Ostade.  The wise and foolish virgins, Matthew xxv. -- Ottovenius.  Beheading of John the Baptist, by Rubens, a pupil of the above artist.  Oliver Cromwell and his favorite daughter, Mary, Countess of Fauconberg. -- by Vandyck.  this lady, Bishop Burnet describes as "a wise and worthy woman, and one more likely to have maintained the post of protector, than either of her brothers." a  Sea storm, -- Vernet.  An Ecce Homo, -- Carlo Dolci.  Holy family, -- Andrea del

___________________________________________________________

a  Burke's Hist. Landed Gent. vol. I. 432.

VOL. I.                    70

*P. 554

554                    HISTORY OF THE

Sarto.  Several fine hunting pieces by Sayders.  Portrait -- Albert Durer.  Pillaging party, -- Wouvermans.  An Italian Lazaroni, -- Vonlaer.  A portrait of James Rivington, printer of the Royal Gazette, and supposed spy of General Washington, Stuart.  The paintings have been collected with great judgment, and constitute one of the best private collections in the United States. 

     In 1743, this island and twenty acres on the main, were in possession of Joshua Pell, Esq., from whom the former passed to the Hunts and Hendersons.  The latter family conveyed it to the present proprietor.  The island embraces an area of 250 acres to which may be added Mr. Hunter's property on the main, consisting of five hundred and fifty acres, also Hart and Flatt islands.  Large quantities of fish are constantly taken in the waters south of the island.  A thousand weight have been captured in one morning with a fyke net.  The no nation reefs and green flats, lying nearly south of the island, are also well known fishing places.  a 

     The Hunter family is originally from the county of Ayrshire, Scotland; two houses of that name having existed in that country for many centuries.  The surname says Robertson "is obviously derived from the chase, before the use of fixed family names, as at present.  Thus Johne le Hunter de la Forester de Paisley, the Hunter of Stragrife, appears in the Scottish b  rolls. 

     The father of the present proprietor was Robert Hunter of Armagh county, Ireland, whose ancestors emigrated thither from Scotland cir. the beginning of the seventeenth century. 

     The Hon. John Hunter, has for many years represented this district in the senate; and, in 1846, was chosen a member of the convention for revising the state constitution. 

     The residence of Elbert Roosevelt, Esq., is pleasantly situated on the side of the Sound, and has fine views of Long Island and the surrounding shores.  This family is of Dutch extraction, and

_______________________________________________________________

  a  On the northeast end of the island is situated the Indian rock Mishow, while on the east lies the well known boulder, called the Grey Mare. 

  b  Burke's Hist. of the Landed Gent. vol. II. 500. 

*P. 555

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    555

claim descent from Claes Martensze van Roosevelt, a  a native of Holland, and first of the name who came to America.

[Engraving of Bolton Priory]

The residence of Rev. Robert Bolton, Pelham.

     The last object worthy of notice in this vicinity is the residence of the Rev. Robert Bolton.  b  The house, which is of stone, affords a good specimen of the old English style, and accords well with its romantic situation.  The building has two towers, affording splendid views, in which wood and water are beautifully blended.  The interior arrangements correspond with the style of the house, and carry the mind back to days of old.  There are some family pictures, by Etty, of the Royal Academy of England.  There are some family pictures, by Etty, of the Royal Academy of England.  There is also an original portrait of Bunyan, formerly in the possession of the Rev. George Whitefield.  The library contains the original Italian edition of Piranesi, collected for Napoleon, bearing his initial, and surmounted by the imperial crown.  This extraordinary work on ancient and modern Rome consists of forty two volumes royal quarto.  Also a copy of Macklin's Bible, the largest ever printed, in six volumes royal

______________________________________________________________

  a  Literally, Nicolas, the son of Martin of the Rose-field.  The son of this individual was Nicolas, whose son Johannes was the grandfather of Cornelius, father of Elbert Roosevelt, Esq., of Pelham.

  b  A native of Savannah, Georgia, and son of Robert Bolton, Esq., a merchant of that place. 

*P. 556

556                    HISTORY OF THE

quarto; a copy of Elliot's Indian Testament, said to be the first work "written and published in the present United States," printed at Cambridge, Massachusetts, A.D. 1661, by Samuel Green, the first printer in America.  When Elliott had finished this translation, he wrote in his diary -- "N.B. Prayer, faith and patience can perform wonders."  Here is also a valuable cabinet of coins, collected by the Rev. Bryan Hill, rector of Hodnet, Shropshire, England:  among the most interesting are those of Alexander the Great, Cæsar Augustus, and a series of Roman and ancient English.  Among the medals of the Popes is the celebrated one of Adrian the Sixth, upon the reverse of which is the idolatrous inscription, "Quem creant Adorant" -- whom we create, we adore.  There is also a good collection of autographs, the oldest of which is that of Henry VII.  The signatures of Elizabeth, with her Council, and of her successor, Queen Mary, are worthy of notice; also those of Oliver Cromwell and Richard Cromwell, presented by the late Oliver Cromwell.  a  We have also to notice, in this collection, an original of Addison's Spectator, and a letter of Pope's, never before published, addressed to Lord Bathurst.  Our readers, we are sure, will be pleased with the insertion. 

London, July 5.

     My Lord --

     To say a word in praise either of your wood or you, would be alike impertinent, each being, in its kind, the finest thing I know, and the most agreeable.  I can only tell you very honestly, (without a word of the high timber of the one, or the high qualities of the other,) that I thought it the best company I ever knew, and the best place to enjoy it in.

     I came hither but this day, where I find as much business as I left pleasure.  I wish it would last as short a time, that I might return to you before you quit Cirecester, but I really see no prospect of ending what I must necessarily do, in less than a fortnight.  Mr. Gay is as zealously carried to the bower by the wood is to him the cave of Montesinos.  He has already planted it with myrtles, and peopled it with nymphs.  The old woman of the peasantry appears already an Urganda, and there wants nothing but a crystal rivulet to purl

_______________________________________________________________

  a  The late Oliver Cromewll, of Chestnut Park, England, was the last direct male descendant of the Protector. 

*P. 557

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    557

through the shades, which might be large enough to allay Mr. Lewin's great thirst after water.

     But, my Lord, I beg you to be comforted.  Gay promises, that whatever may be said by the prose-men of this age, posterity shall believe there was water in Okely wood, and (to speak boldly) wood also.

A wood?  quoth Lewis -- and with that,
He laughed, and shook his sides so fat;
His tongue (with eye that marked his cunning)
Thus fell a reas'ning, not a running. 
     Woods are (not to be too prolix)
Collective bodies of strait sticks;p
It is, my Lord, a mere conundrum
To call things woods for what grows und'r 'em;
For shrubs, when nothing else at top is,
Can only constitute a coppice.
But if you will not take my word,
See anno. quart of Edward Third;
And that they're coppice called, when dock'd,
Witness ann. prim. of Henry Oct.
If this is a wood you will maintain,
Merely because it is no plain,
Holland (for all that I can see)
Might e'en as well be termed the sea;
And C---------by be fair harangu'd,
An honest man, because not hang'd.

     The rest of Mr. Lewis's arguments I have forgotten:  for as I am determined to live in the wood, I am likewise resolved to hear no reasons against it.  I have made a coup de maitre upon my mother in persuading her to pass a month or two at Stanton Harcourt, in order to facilitate my journies to her from Cirencester.  And I will not fail to be with you whatever time you shall pass there in August.

     I beg to be informed when your lordship comes to Richkins, by the first message you send to London, directed to Jervas's.  I have only to add my most faithful services to the ladies; to desire Mr. Lewis to think as well of me as he can of a man that writes verses half the year; and to beg your lordship to believe I love you so very well as to be ashamed to find no better expression for myself than that of, my lord,

                                                          Your most obedient,
                                                                 and most humble servant,
                                                                           A. Pope.

     Also a note of Cowper's, one of Chatterton, Lord Nelson, Na-

*P. 558

558                     HISTORY OF THE

poleon, Sir Christopher Wren, Percy, the author of the ballads, Bishop Burnet, Kosciusko, &c., &c.  Among the American autographs are those of William Penn and his sons, the proprietors of Pennsylvania, Francis Lovelace, Governor of New York in 1671, Jonathan Edwards, Increase and Cotton Mather, Washington, Lafayette, Franklin, Jefferson, Schuyler, Sterling, Arnold, and various other eminent characters. 

     The terrace in front of the house forms a fine promenade.  The gardens are laid out in the French, and landscape styles.  The grounds are ornamented with natural walks leading to various objects of interest, among which deserves to be noticed the "rocking stone." a  This natural curiosity is a rock supposed to weigh about twenty tons, so nicely poised that

"A stipling's arm can away
A mass no host could move."

     At a short distance from the house stands a neat Gothic church of stone.  This edifice was erected in 1843, and consecrated to the services of Almighty God, by the name and style of Christ Church, Pelham, on the 15th of October, the same year. b  The act of incorporation bears date 25th of September, 1843.  Richard Morris and Henry Grenzebach, wardens, Isaac Roosevelt, George F. Mills, John Jay Bolton, William Jay Bolton, Peter N. King, Jacob Le Roy, Cornelius Winter Bolton, and Robert Bolton, Jun., vestrymen.  The Rev. Robert Bolton is the first and present incumbent.

     The bell of Spanish manufacture was presented to the church by Lydig Suydam, Esq.  It carries a Latin inscription and weighs 156 pounds.  The communion plate was the gift of Mrs. C.L. Spencer.  It bears the following inscription "Christ Church, Pelham, May 11th, 1844."  A chalice also has been

________________________________________________________________

  a  Rocking stones were called "rogan stones" by the Saxons, from the old Saxon principal of the verb "rogg," to shake, which is used by the poet Chaucer.  "And him she roggeth and awaketh soft." -- Legend of Good Women.

  b  By an instrument of donations, dated the same day, the rector appropriated and devoted the church to the worship and service of Almighty God, the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, according to the provisions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, &c., &c.

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.                    559

presented by Miss G.C. Pell, a  inscribed with the appropriate motto, "This do in remembrance of me."  The font was presented by Miss M.H. Clark, the chandeliers by Miss Emma Guerard, and the service books by Gerardus Clark, Esq.  The chancel window is a beautiful specimen of stained glass, representing the adoration of the Magi.  Matthew, ii. 11. 

     From the town records we take the following extracts.

     "At a town meeting held at the school house in the town of Pelham, on Tuesday the seventh day of April, 1801, for the purpose of electing town officers for the said town to serve the ensuing year, the following persons were appointed to the following offices and places," viz.

Philip Pell, supervisor.
David J. Pell, town clerk.
David J. Pell,             )
William Bayley,         >  assessors.
Joshua Huestis,         )
Philip Pell,                 )
John Bartow,             >  commissioners of Highways.
William Bayley,          )

     Joshua Huestis, overseer of highways, for the within district of the town, to extend as far north till it come to the gate between the farms of Mr. John Bartow and Charles Turnbull deceased, and Elijah Horton, overseer of the highways of the northern district of the town, as far north till it comes to the before mentioned gate.

Elijah Horton,      )  overseers of the poor.
George Crawford,) >

Jesse Mullinex,  )
Joshua Huestis, )>
Elijah Horton,     )
Esaie Guion,      )

David J. Pell,     )
Jesse Mullinex, ) >
Philip Pell,        ]
John Bartow,     ]
Alexander Anderson, ]
William Bayley, ]
Isaie Guion,       ]
Rem Rapalje,     ]
John Williams,   ]

Joseph Bayley, constable and collector.

     The Pelham infant school, erected in 1845, is an interesting specimen of Saxon architecture.  It was opened May, 1845, and at present numbers from eighty to ninety stated scholars.

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  a  This lady is a lineal descendant of Joshua Pell, second lord of the manor of Pelham. 

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